This work aims to carry out an analysis of the theme “Cai Cai Vilú” by Víctor Jara, from both its poietic and cultural aspects. To achieve this, the concept of wild thought by Lévi-Strauss and the application that María Ester Grebe made of it when analyzing dualism in Mapuche culture is established as a reference framework. An important goal will be to determine how Jara uses and puts the musical and cultural materials at the time of creation of this piece into play, and what is its relationship with the social context of the time.